About Course
Digital Electronics is the study of electronic circuits that are used to process and control digital signals.
In contrast to analog electronics, where information is represented by a continuously varying voltage, digital signals are represented by two discreet voltages or logic levels. This distinction allows for greater signal speed and storage capabilities and has revolutionized the world’s electronics. Digital electronics is the foundation of all modern electronic devices such as cellular phones, MP3 players, laptop computers, digital cameras, high definition televisions, etc.
The major focus of the DE course is to expose students to the design process of combinational and sequential logic design, teamwork, communication methods, engineering standards, and technical documentation.
Digital Electronics is one of three foundation courses in the Project Lead The Way
high school pre-engineering program. The course applies and concurrently develops secondary-level knowledge and skills in mathematics, science, and technology.
Course Content
Digital Electronics
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Representation of Number Systems and Basics of Number System
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Addition operation in Different Number systems (Binary, Octal & Hexadecimal Addition)
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Subtraction operation in Different Number Systems (Binary, Octal and Hexadecimal Subtraction)
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Octal and Binary Multiplication, Number System Multiplication
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Decimal to Binary Conversion
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Decimal to Octal Conversion
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Decimal to Hexadecimal Conversion
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Octal, Binary and Hexadecimal to Decimal conversion
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Hexadecimal to Binary to Octal conversion and Visa versa
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X Number System to Y Number System conversion, Number System Conversion
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1’s & 2’s Compliment, 7’s & 8’s Compliment, 9’s & 10’s Compliment and 15’s & 16’s Compliment
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Simple Signed Representation, Example and Block Diagram of Simple Signed Representation
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1’s compliment signed Representation, Example & Blockdiagram of 1’s compliment signed Representation
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2’s compliment signed Representation, Example & Blockdiagram of 2’s compliment signed Representation
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Examples on 1’s compliment signed Representation and 2’s compliment signed Representation
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Shortcut Method to find 2’s compliment
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Binary Subtraction using 1’s compliment
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Binary Subtraction using 2’s compliment
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Classification of Codes
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BCD code, Binary Coded Decimal Code
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BCD Addition
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BCD to Binary conversion
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Binary to BCD conversion
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2421 BCD code and 2*421 BCD code
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Excess 3 Code basics and its properties
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Excess 3 Addition
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Identification of self complimenting code
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ASCII code, American Standard Code for Information Interchange
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Gray Code basics, properties, Importance and applications
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Binary to Gray code conversion
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Gray to Binary Code conversion
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Identification of Base or Radix of given number
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Total bits required to represent a number
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Minimal Decimal Equivalent
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Hamming Code Basics
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Hamming Code generation
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Hamming Code error detection and Hamming Code error correction
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IEEE 754 floating point single precision 32 bit format
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IEEE 754 floating point double precision 64 bit format
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De Morgen’s Theorem and Proof of De Morgen’s Theorem
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Boolean Algebra Rules
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Consensus Theorem and Proof of Consensus Theorem
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Boolean Algebra Examples part 1
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Boolean Algebra Examples Part 2
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Boolean Algebra examples part 3
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Dual and Self Dual of Boolean equation
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SOP – Sum Of Product, POS – Product Of Sum and Canonical Form of Boolean function Representation
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Minterms and Maxterms in Boolean function Representation
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SOP to SSOP conversion, Sum Of Product to Standard Sum Of Product Conversion
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POS to SPOS conversion, Product Of Sum to Standard Product Of Sum Conversion
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SSOP to SPOS conversion and SPOS to SSOP conversion
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Examples on SOP and POS
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Logic GATE’s Introduction
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NOT gate and NOT gate Applications, Logic gates
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AND gate, Properties of AND gate and Examples of AND gate, Logic Gate’s
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OR gate, Properties of OR gate and Examples of OR gate, Logic Gate’s
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NAND gate and NOR Gate in Logic Gate’s
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XOR gate and XNOR gate, Properties of XOR and XNOR gate in Logic GATE’S
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Examples on XOR and XNOR gate part 1
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Examples on XOR and XNOR gate Part 2
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NOR as universal GATE
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NAND as universal GATE
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Minimum Two input NAND for multiple input AND & Minimum Two input NAND for multiple input NAND
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Minimum two input NAND gates for Boolean expression
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Minimum two input NAND gates for Boolean equation
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Boolean expression to NAND gate implementation
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AOI to NAND gate implementation
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Boolean expression to NOR gate implementation
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AOI to NOR implementation
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Stuck at 1 and Stuck at 0 fault in Logic circuit
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Karnaugh Map basics & Key points of Karnaugh Map, K Map
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K Map rules for grouping cells, K map rules for formation of Boolean function, K map
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Implicants, Prime Implicants and Essential Prime Implicants in K Map
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K Map Examples, Karnaugh Map Examples, K Map, Part 1
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K Map Examples, Karnaugh Map Examples, K Map, Part 2
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K Map with Don’t care examples, Karnaugh Map with don’t care examples, Part 1
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K Map with Don’t care examples, Karnaugh Map with don’t care examples, Part 2
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K Map for POS expression, Karnaugh Map for POS expression, K Map
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5 variable K Map, 5 variable Karnaugh Map, 5 variable K Map Example, 5 variable Karnaugh Map Example
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6 variable K Map, 6 variable Karnaugh Map, 6 variable K Map Example, 6 variable Karnaugh Map Example
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K Map Examples of GATE, ISRO and DRDO Examination
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Quine Mccluskey Minimization Technique for Boolean expression
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Combinational circuit and Sequential circuit in Digital Electronics
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Combinational circuit designing examples
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Combinational circuit examples
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Half Adder
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Full Adder
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Full Adder using Half Adder
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Half Adder using NAND gates
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4 bits parallel Adder
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BCD Adder by Parallel Adder
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1’s Compliment Subtraction using Parallel Adder
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2’s Compliment Subtraction using Parallel Adder
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Half Subtractor
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Half Adder using Half Subtractor
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Half Subtractor using Half Adder
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Full Adder using Half Subtractor
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Full Subtractor
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Parallel Subtractor using Full Subtractor and Half Subtractor
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2 Bits Multiplier using Half Adder
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Excess 3 Addition by Parallel Adder
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2 bits Data comparator
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Seven Segments Display Decoder
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Carry Look Ahead Adder, CLA Adder
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Even Parity Generator and Odd Parity Generator
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Decoder Basics and 2 to 4 Decoder
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3 to 8 Decoder working, Truth Table and Circuit Diagram
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Combinational Circuit Output Waveforms with Delay at Gates – Part 1
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Combinational Circuit Output Waveforms with Delay at Gates – Part 2
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Priority Encoder Basics, Working, Truth Table and Circuit
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Decimal to BCD Encoder Basics, Working, Truth Table, Boolean Expression and Circuit
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Implementation of Full Adder using Decoder
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Binary Code to Gray Code Converter
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Multiplexer MUX Basics, Working, Advantages, Applications and Types
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2 to 1 Multiplexer
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4 to 1 Multiplexer
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8 to 1 Multiplexer
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MUX Tree, Multiplexer Tree
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Designing of 4 to 1 Multiplexer using 2 to 1 Multiplexer
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Designing of 8 to 1 Multiplexer using 2 to 1 Multiplexer
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8 to 1 MUX using 4 to 1 MUX by two different Methods
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SOP Implementation using Multiplexer
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Full Adder Implementation using 4 to 1 Multiplexer
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Full Adder using 2 to 1 Multiplexer
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Identification of Boolean Expression from Multiplexer Circuit
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Identification of logic Gate’s from Multiplexer circuit
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Examples based on Multiplexer from GATE/ISRO
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Examples Based on Multiplexer
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Coincidence Logic and Problems based on Coincidence Logic
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Demultiplexer and 1 to 2 Demultiplexer
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1 to 4 Demultiplexer Working, Truth Table, Boolean Expression and Circuit
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1 to 8 Demultiplexer Working, Truth Table, Boolean expression and circuit
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Implementation of Full Subtractor using 1 to 8 Demultiplexer
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Demultiplexer as Decoder
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Implementation of Boolean Expression using Demultiplexer
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Sequential circuit
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Clock and Triggering by clock in Sequential circuit
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Difference between Latch and Flip Flop
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SR Latch by NOR gates
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SR Latch using NAND gates
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Truth Table, Characteristic Table and Excitation Table of Flip Flop
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SR Flip Flop or Set Reset Flip Flop
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D Flip Flop or Data Flip Flop
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JK Flip Flop
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Race Around Condition in JK Flip Flop
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Master Slave JK Flip Flop
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T Flip Flop or Toggle Flip Flop
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Preset and Clear Input in Flip Flop
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SR Flip Flop to D Flip Flop conversion
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SR Flip Flop to JK Flip Flop conversion
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SR Flip Flop to T Flip Flop conversion
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JK Flip Flop to D Flip Flop Conversion
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JK Flip Flop to T Flip Flop conversion
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D Flip Flop to JK Flip Flop conversion
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D Flip Flop to T Flip Flop conversion
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T Flip Flop to D Flip Flop Conversion
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T Flip Flop to JK Flip Flop conversion
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JK Flip Flop to SR Flip Flop, D Flip Flop to SR Flip Flop and T Flip Flop to SR Flip Flop conversion
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Examples on Flip Flop
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Examples on Latch
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D Latch
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Counter in Digital Electronics
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Asynchronous Up Counter or Ripple Up Counter
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Asynchronous Down Counter or Ripple Down Counter
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Modulo Counter by Asynchronous Counter
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BCD Counter or Decade Counter or Modulo 10 Counter
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2 bits Synchronous Counter using JK Flip Flop
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3 bits Synchronous Counter using T Flip Flop
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3 bits Synchronous Up Down Counter
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Ring Counter
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Johnson’s Counter / Twisted Ring Counter / Switch Tail Ring Counter
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Arbitrary Sequence Counter Example 1
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Arbitrary Sequence Counter Example 2
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Sequence Generator Example 1
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Sequence Generator Example 2
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Sequence Detector Example 1
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Sequence Detector Example 2
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Examples of Counter in Digital Electronics
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Register Basics, Format and Classification
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SISO Shift Register, Serial Input Serial Output Shift Register
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SIPO Shift Register, Serial Input Parallel Output Shift Register
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PIPO Register, Storage Register, Buffer Register
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PISO Shift Register, Parallel Input Serial Output Shift Register
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Bidirectional Shift Register
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Universal Shift Register
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Examples based on Shift Register
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Moore State Machine and Example on Moore State Machine
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Mealy State Machine and Example on Mealy State Machine
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Comparison of Mealy State Machine and Moore State Machine
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ROM – Read Only Memory
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RAM – Random Access Memory
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PLA – Programmable Logic Array
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PAL – Programmable Array Logic
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Binary Weighted Digital to Analog Converter DAC
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Example of Binary Weighted Digital to Analog Converter DAC
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R-2R ladder Digital to Analog Converter DAC (Voltage Switched Network)
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Example on R-2R Ladder Digital to Analog Convertor DAC
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R-2R Ladder Digital to Analog Convertor DAC (Current Switched Network)
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Counter Type ADC, Counter Type Analog to Digital Converter
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Tracking Type ADC, Tracking Type Analog to Digital Converter
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Successive Approximation Type ADC, Successive Approximation Type Analog to Digital Converter
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Flash ADC, Flash Analog to Digital Converter
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Half Flash ADC, Half Flash Analog to Digital Converter
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Dual Slope ADC, Dual Slope Analog to Digital Converter
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Sigma Delta ADC, Sigma Delta Digital to Analog Converter
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Examples on ADC, Examples on Analog to Digital Converter
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