{"id":292,"date":"2020-05-12T06:55:28","date_gmt":"2020-05-12T06:55:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/researcherstore.com\/product\/manuscript-for-a-novel-energy-harvesting-antenna-for-battery-less-iot-devices\/"},"modified":"2021-10-22T15:11:04","modified_gmt":"2021-10-22T12:11:04","slug":"manuscript-for-a-novel-energy-harvesting-antenna-for-battery-less-iot-devices","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/researcherstore.com\/product\/manuscript-for-a-novel-energy-harvesting-antenna-for-battery-less-iot-devices\/","title":{"rendered":"A Novel Energy Harvesting Antenna for Battery-Less IoT Devices – PDF Manuscript"},"content":{"rendered":"

Article title: A Novel Energy Harvesting Antenna for Battery-Less IoT Devices.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Summary: Energy harvesting is a process that captures small amounts of energy, radiative radio frequency (RF) that would otherwise be lost as heat, light, sound, or movement. The captured energy allows to improve the efficiency of wireless communications, enables new technologies such as battery-less devices or power internet of things (IoT) devices. This paper presents a novel energy harvesting antenna design; an icosahedron-Sierpi\u0144ski fractal monopole antenna, the advantage of such a geometry is that it can capture a wide range of frequencies due to its multi-band characteristic and three-dimensional characteristics. The performance of the antenna has been simulated and compared with the already existing research. This antenna geometry has been designed using AUTOCAD2020 and simulated on COMOSOL 5.4 to operate at frequencies between 0.84GHz, 1GHz,1.6 GHz, 2.4GHz, and 3GHz.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nowadays, RF energy is vastly available with the exponential<\/strong>
\nincrease of wireless signals, such as Wi-Fi, radio,<\/strong>
\nTV and mobile phone signals (5G) which possibly allows<\/strong>
\nfor ambient RF to be harvested to charge low-power electronic<\/strong>
\ndevices wirelessly, previous research has already<\/strong>
\ndemonstrated that capturing these signals provide a solution<\/strong>
\nto ensure the continuous, long-term operations of IoT<\/strong>
\ndevices at a low cost and power consumption [2-5]. Outdoor<\/strong>
\nRF energy spectral measurements were carried out<\/strong>
\nin Shunned; Guangdong, China, and London show that<\/strong>
\nGSM900 and GSM1800 are the most promising bands for<\/strong>
\nenergy harvesting [3-4].<\/strong>
\nHowever, this technique comes at a cost; power is usually<\/strong>
\nthe challenging feature, surveys have shown that power<\/strong>
\nobtained from energy harvesting, is usually less than a<\/strong>
\nfew mW [7] therefore, EH is used in low power devices.<\/strong>
\nThere are various sources of ambient energy such as solar<\/strong>
\nenergy, wind energy, tidal energy, thermal energy, mechanical<\/strong>
\nenergy, electromagnetic energy, and so on. This<\/strong>
\nstudy focuses on electromagnetic energy by capturing RF<\/strong>
\nwaves.<\/strong>
\nTo capture and store RF waves an antenna and rectifier<\/strong>
\ncircuits are needed, previous works have shown monopoles<\/strong>
\nand dipole microstrip antennas can harvest 5.8 GHz frequencies<\/strong>
\nand store more than 2.5 volts by using simple<\/strong>
\ngeometries such as rectangular and square [11].<\/strong>
\nFractal geometry has become increasingly popular in the<\/strong>
\ndesign of antennas, because it leads to antenna miniaturization<\/strong>
\nand multi-frequency behavior [1,10-12] this is<\/strong>
\ndue to the self-similarity fractal geometry. But it also<\/strong>
\npresents a challenge since its radiation resistance can be<\/strong>
\ngreater than 50 Ohm [12]. A key feature when designing<\/strong>
\nantennas is to match its impedance to that of the rectifying<\/strong>
\ncircuit 50 Ohm. Researchers in [10] have come with a<\/strong>
\na solution to this by placing embedding a metal plane in a<\/strong>
\nfractal loop antenna, this not only adjust the impedance<\/strong>
\nto nearly 50 Ohms, but also makes the antenna more<\/strong>
\ncompact.<\/strong>
\nSuch Geometry has proven to be beneficial in the creation<\/strong>
\nof antennas, especially for RFID applications due to its<\/strong>
\nminiature size and its ability to maximize gain resulting<\/strong>
\nin a greater read range of RFID-based systems. In [12]<\/strong>
\ntwo fractal geometries; Koch and Hilbert were proposed<\/strong>
\nfor a 950Mhz RFID system, in this paper the geometry of<\/strong>
\nthe antennas and their gain were compared, showing that<\/strong>
\nloop geometries are beneficial in the creation of RFID<\/strong>
\nantennas with a maximum gain of 2.51 dB for a Koch<\/strong>
\ngeometry and 1.74 dB for a butterfly-shaped antenna.<\/strong>
\nIn this paper, COMSOL has been utilized as the primary<\/strong>
\nsoftware to simulate the antenna, its gain, and its<\/strong>
\nradiation pattern. In [13] a dipole fractal antenna was<\/strong>
\nsimulated to have a resonance frequency from 860 MHz<\/strong>
\nto 2.48 GHz, this is useful for RFID systems. <\/strong><\/p>\n

The fractal <\/strong>geometry used in this paper was a Koch Snowflake<\/strong><\/p>\n

and the Return Loss for the antenna was recorded for <\/strong>the first<\/strong><\/p>\n

3 iterations of the antenna. The S-parameters
\nof the antenna proposed in [13] was exceptional, -39dB
\nwith 1 iteration, -20dB with 2 iterations and -14dB with
\n3 iterations for frequencies in the range of 860MHz to
\n2.48 GHz demonstrating the multi-band characteristics
\nof fractal antennas.
\nAgainst this background, this study provides a novel antenna
\ndesign, a Sierpinski fractal enclosed in an icosahedron,
\nand its outlined as follows; geometry (an insight
\ninto fractal geometry and platonic solids), antenna characteristics
\nantenna design, results, comparisons, and
\nfuture work.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n

You get the PDF manuscript consisting of<\/strong>\u00a08 double-column pages<\/strong> for the article titled \u201cA Novel Energy Harvesting Antenna for Battery-Less IoT Devices\u201c.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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