Description
This product provides the simulation codes of the article titled “HAMUX: A New Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Technology For Having Zero-Interference Networks”
Abstract: Beyond 5G (B5G) and future 6G systems are intended to support a large number of interconnection links between base stations and Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Therefore, it is imperative to create new, efficient multiple-access strategies that can handle the needs of this enormous number of
connections. The challenge of serving more devices with limited resources was seen to be addressed by power domain nonorthogonal multiple access (PD-NOMA), which was thoroughly studied by both academia and industry. However, the PD-NOMA design was removed from the list of the 17th release of 3GPP work items due to several problems, including low reliability caused by inter-user interference, the transceiver’s complexity as a result of using successive interference cancellation (SIC), and the inapplicability in power-balanced scenarios, where the multiplexed users have relatively similar distances from the base station. In this study, we propose and build an innovative new non-orthogonal transmission scheme using specially designed signals superimposed with the users’ data to overcome the aforementioned issues. The new design that is being introduced is termed HAMUX, and it has a very elegant transceiver architecture with all processing handled at the base station, thus
relieving the receiver from any intricate processing like SIC. The benefits that the developed design offers make it a great candidate for low-power and processing-constrained devices, like those found in Internet of Things applications.
Introduction:
The future wireless world is featured by its capability to serve a huge number of connections, so communication solutions supporting multi-user setups are becoming increasingly important. In this context, a great deal of research has been done in the literature on power domain non-orthogonal multiple access (PD-NOMA) as a potential solution, where it has been considered in numerous standardization efforts for 5G
radio access. Scheduled users in power-domain NOMA share the same time, frequency, or code resources but are given varying power levels according to their channel conditions. The considered users’ data is superimposed at the transmitter and later gets separated at the receiver by successive interference cancellation (SIC). In particular, when compared to orthogonal multiple access (OMA)-based systems, PD-NOMA has shown
to be particularly efficient in several aspects related to the overall connectivity performance [1]. Nevertheless, PD-NOMA was shockingly excluded from the research items of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project’s
(3GPP) version 17 since it was demonstrated to be ineffective in multi-antenna configurations [2], [3]. More specifically, the following points can be used to summarize some of the shortcomings and limitations that PD-NOMA demonstrated, which can help to explain why it was removed from the 3GPP standardization activity after being examined as a study item from release 13 to release 16:
• Ineffectivity in multi-antenna setup: When compared to
multi-user multiple input multiple output (MU-MIMO)
systems, PD-NOMA performs less well. Regarding this,
authors in [4] have demonstrated that the majority of
power domain NOMA’s advantages are only meaningful
when compared to OMA. Moreover, it is demonstrated
that MU-MIMO and multi-user linear precoding
(MU-LP) perform better than traditional power domain
NOMA.
• Receiver complexity and latency: The primary function
of traditional NOMA involves nearby users canceling
inter-user interference through SIC; however, this ultimately
increases receiver latency and complexity. NOMA
would not be a good option for communication settings
where high connection and low complexity are essential
requirements, like in the case of IoT communications because
the receiver complexity increases with the number
of superimposed users.
• Constrained users’ locations: Working in power-balanced
circumstances is one of NOMA’s drawbacks
because it necessitates a sizable path-loss channel differential
between paired (or super-imposed) users. This
means that one user must be close to the base station
(strong channel) and another user must be far from it
(weak channel). As a result, this restricts the adoption
of NOMA in situations when two users who are situated
similarly from the base station (BS) might experience the
same path-loss.
• Low reliability: Since the NOMA far user treats the near
user’s interference as noise, degradation in the reliability
performance is experienced by the far user, whose error
rate is always higher than that of the near user.
• Security Threat: Another concern is the security of
NOMA against taping and eavesdropping attacks, where
using SIC for decoding users’ data can yield internal
eavesdropping risks in the presence of untrusted third-party
users. Moreover, there is a huge need for securing
NOMA against external eavesdropping [5].
All the aforementioned shortcomings of conventional power
domain NOMA have motivated the design of novel multiple access
alternatives with varying degrees of success in addressing the
requirements of future wireless systems. Different
schemes and designs have been proposed by the major players
in the wireless industry such as multi-user shared access
(MUSA) [6], pattern division multiple access (PDMA) [7],
resource spread multiple access (RSMA) [8], interleave-grid
multiple access (IGMA) [9], interleave division multiple access
(IDMA) [10], sparse-code multiple access (SCMA) [11],
RSMA [4], and many others that were included in different
releases of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
However, none of the previous designs can solve all the
aforementioned five issues related to NOMA simultaneously
[1], [4], [12]–[15].
Motivated by this observation, in this study, we propose and
develop a novel physical layer design for future wireless systems.
The proposed design makes use of signal superposition
where specially designed channel-dependent signals are added
on top of the multiplexed users’ data signals in such a way that
a completely inter-user interference-free, secure, and reliable
transmission is achieved. Consequently, the main contributions
and benefits of the proposed design can be highlighted as
follows:
• Working in generic scenarios: The proposed architecture
allows the combination of any two users, independent
of their distances from the base station, in contrast to
standard NOMA, which only allows users with varied
distances from the base station to be superimposed.
• Reduced receiver complexity: This technique effectively
solves the interference problem due to the specific design
of the auxiliary signals, unlike conventional NOMA,
which causes the system to become more complex. As
a result, it is a strong contender for applications like
Internet of Things devices that have low complexity
requirements and limited processing power.
• Security against external and internal eavesdropping:
Perfect confidentiality and zero information leakage are
guaranteed by the auxiliary signal design against external
illegal users as well as between authorized users.
• Reduced transmission latency: Transmission latency
is decreased because of this design’s straightforward
transceiver. While the receiver only uses a conventional
normal CP-OFDM, thus relieving it of any extra complicated
processing, the transmitter designs the auxiliary signals using diagonal matrices,
which significantly reduces computational and processing costs.
The remaining parts of this work can be read from the pdf article included inside the downloadable package of this product.
References:
[1] B. Clerckx et al., ”Multiple Access Techniques for Intelligent and
Multifunctional 6G: Tutorial, Survey, and Outlook,” in Proceedings of
the IEEE, 2024.
[2] L. Dai et al., ”A Survey of Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access for 5G,” in
IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 2294-2323,
third quarter 2018
[3] ——, “Study on Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) for NR,”
3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), Technical Report (TR)
38.812, 12 2018, version 13.0.0.
[4] B. Clerckx et al., ”Is NOMA Efficient in Multi-Antenna Networks? A
Critical Look at Next Generation Multiple Access Techniques,” in IEEE
Open Journal of the Communications Society, vol. 2, pp. 1310-1343,
2021.
[5] Hamamreh, J. M., & Furkan. (2024). Wireless Physical Layer
Security Insights for Non-orthogonal Multiple Access. RS Open
Journal on Innovative Communication Technologies, 4(11).
https://doi.org/10.46470/03d8ffbd.f5f07db0
[6] Yuan, G. Yu, W. Li, Y. Yuan, X. Wang, and J. Xu, “Multi-user shared
access for internet of things,” in Proc. IEEE VTC Spring’2016, Nanjing,
China, May 2016, pp. 1–5.
[7] S. Chen, B. Ren, Q. Gao, S. Kang, S. Sun, and K. Niu, “Pattern
division multiple access-a novel nonorthogonal multiple access for fifth
generation radio networks,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 66, no. 4,
pp. 3185–3196, April 2017
[8] 3GPP, R1-164688, Resource Spread Multiple Access, Qualcomm, May
2016.
[9] 3GPP, R1-163992, Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Candidate for NR,
Samsung, May 2016.
[10] C. Xu, Y. Hu, C. Liang, J. Ma, and L. Ping, “Massive MIMO,
nonorthogonal multiple access and interleave division multiple access,”
IEEE Access, vol. 5, pp. 14 728–14 748, Aug. 2017.
[11] F.Wei andW. Chen, “Low complexity iterative receiver design for sparse
code multiple access,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 621–
634, Feb. 2017
[12] Hamamreh, J. M., Abewa, M., & Lemayian, J. P. (2020).
New Non-Orthogonal Transmission Schemes for Achieving Highly
Efficient, Reliable, and Secure Multi-User Communications. RS
Open Journal on Innovative Communication Technologies, 1(2).
https://doi.org/10.46470/03d8ffbd.324cc0fb
[13] Zia, M. F., & Hamamreh, J. M. (2020). An Advanced Non-Orthogonal
Multiple Access Security Technique for Future Wireless Communication
Networks. RS Open Journal on Innovative Communication Technologies,
1(2). https://doi.org/10.46470/03d8ffbd.19888ce7
[14] Zia, M. F., Furqan, H. M., & Hamamreh, J. M. (2021). Multi-cell, Multiuser,
and Multi-carrier Secure Communication Using Non-Orthogonal
Signals’ Superposition with Dual-Transmission for IoT in 6G and
Beyond. RS Open Journal on Innovative Communication Technologies,
2(3). https://doi.org/10.46470/03d8ffbd.08b7bd1d
[15] Lemayian, J. P., & Hamamreh, J. M. (2020). A Novel Small-Scale
Nonorthogonal Communication Technique Using Auxiliary Signal Superposition
with Enhanced Security for Future Wireless Networks.
RS Open Journal on Innovative Communication Technologies, 1(2).
https://doi.org/10.46470/03d8ffbd.86b0d106
[16] J. M. Hamamreh, E. Basar and H. Arslan, ”OFDM-Subcarrier Index Selection
for Enhancing Security and Reliability of 5G URLLC Services,”
in IEEE Access, vol. 5, pp. 25863-25875, 2017.
[17] J. M. Hamamreh and H. Arslan, “Joint PHY/MAC layer security
design using ARQ with MRC and null-space independent, PAPRaware
artificial noise in SISO systems,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless
Communications, vol. 17, no. 9, pp. 6190-6204, Sept. 2018.
