Steel Quality: Role Of Secondary Refining & Continuous Cast

About Course

Steel Quality: Role of Secondary Refining & Continuous Cast.

The quality of steel plays an important role in imparting the specific application requirements to the product. Cleanliness and the absence of defects are two broad facets of the quality of a steel product. This course aims to briefly introduce the importance of secondary refining and continuous casting in achieving the desired cleanliness and surface quality of the cast and hot-rolled steels.

INTENDED AUDIENCE: Undergraduate, postgraduate, and graduate students of Metallurgical and Materials

Week 1: Concept of steel quality, Typical examples of common defects
Week 2: Present scenario of quality demands, Application-specific requirements of residuals and NMIs
Week 3: Limitation of primary steelmaking, Importance of different secondary refining processes
Week 4: Requirement of Calcium injection, Cleanliness measures in tundish and mold
Week 5: Nature and distribution of exogenous entrapments in casting, their sources
Week 6: Role of caster & casting process on quality, Cast structure, and dendrite size
Week 7: Role of mold oscillation, Effect of steel chemistry and segregation
Week 8: Deleterious effect of P and S, Role of strength & toughness of the solid shell
Week 9: Factors responsible for bulging vis-a-vis depression behavior, Brittle temperature regions for different steel-grades
Week 10: Influence of secondary cooling on cast quality, Typical cracks, and other defects
Week 11: Remedial measures to control quality issues, Grade-specific casting parameters
Week 12: Identification of genesis of quality problems through metallurgical investigation

Course Content

Steel Quality : Role of Secondary Refining & Continuous Cast

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Role of Chemistry on Bulging or Depression Tendency : Part II

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Role of Chemistry on Bulging or Depression Tendency : Part I

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Sticking vis-a-vis Depression Behaviour

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Role of Chemistry on Solidification Behaviour

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Strength and Toughness of Solid Shell

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Brittle Zone Near Solidus

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Strength of Solidifying Strand

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Deleterious Effect of Phosphorus

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Role of Segregation : Part II

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Role of Segregation : Part I

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Role of Chemistry : Part II

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Effect of Cast Grain Size

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Brittle Temperature Regions

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Role of Chemistry : Part I

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Role of Mould Oscillation

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Cast Structure and Dendrite Size

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Desulphurisation

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Prevention of Slag carryover

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Deoxidation

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Limitation of Primary Steelmaking & Importance of secondary Refining

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Cleanliness Requirements for Different applications

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Evaluation of Residuals and Inclusions

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Non-Metallic Inclusions

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Control of Residuals and Impact on Quality

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Present Scenario on Quality Demands

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Origin of Common Quality Problems

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Typical Examples of Surface Defects

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Degassing

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Secondary Refining Processes

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Injection of Calcium

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Heat Transfer in Mould

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Primary Cooling in Caster Mould

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Role of Concast Process, Caster Design and Steel Grade

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Quality of Cast Product

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Effect of Vertical vis-a-vis Curved Mould

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Sources of Exogenous Entrapments

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Nature and Distribution of Entrapments in Casting

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Different Routes and Temperature Control

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Cleanliness Measures in Mould

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Cleanliness Measures in Ladle and Tundish

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Decarburisation

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Concept of Steel Quality

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