Week 1:  Introduction to electrochemistry, electrode-electrolyte interface, reference electrode, three-electrode cell, supporting electrolyte, the rate constant, EIS basics, electrical elements, differential impedance, time-domain results, graphical representation of impedance data in Bode and Complex plane plots, other techniques.

Week 2:   Experimental details: Instrumentation, single and multi-sine inputs, FFT details, frequency range and resolution, cross-correlation, multi sine: odd harmonics and non-harmonic choices, crest factor, spectral leakage, windowing

Week 3: Data validation: Kramers Kronig Transforms (KKT), Linearity, causality, stability, impedance vs. admittance, applications, and limitations, Alternatives – measurement model analysis and linear KKT

Week 4:  Data analysis: Electrical Equivalent Circuits, choice of circuits, confidence intervals, AIC, initial values, distinguishability, zeros and poles representation, charge transfer resistance and polarization resistance, Maxwell, Ladder, and Voigt circuits

Week 5:  Reaction mechanism analysis, linearization of governing equations, derivation of impedance expression for a simple electron transfer reaction; two-step reactions with one adsorbed intermediate

Week 6:  Reaction mechanism analysis (continued), development of impedance expression for multiple reactions, an example reaction exhibiting negative resistance, an example three-step reaction with 2 adsorbed intermediates

Week 7:  Reaction mechanism analysis (continued), development of impedance expression for a catalytic reaction exhibiting negative resistance, reactions with Frumkin isotherm practical challenges in the extraction of kinetic information, list of various patterns of complex plane plots reported in the literature

Week 8:  Diffusion effects, Warburg Impedance, finite and semi-infinite cases, effect of change in dc potential, and boundary layer thickness.

Week 9:  Constant phase elements (CPE), porous electrodes

Week 10:  Passivation and film formation, point defect model (PDM), and extensions. Description of a few selected applications of EIS: Corrosion, biosensors, fuel cells, mechanistic analysis

Week 11:  Nonlinear EIS (NLEIS), introduction, mathematical background (Taylor series, Fourier series, modified Bessel functions), NLEIS for a simple electron transfer reaction, reaction with adsorbed intermediates, Nonlinear charge transfer, and polarization resistances

Week 12:  Effect of instabilities in traditional EIS- calculation using NLEIS methodology, solution resistance effects, Detection of nonlinearities using KKT, NLEIS with Frumkin and Temkin isotherm, evaluation of related technique: electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM)

 

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